Leukocyte and platelet markers of blood in the dynamics of the hospital period in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the ability to predict the development of long-term adverse events
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Abstract
The aim – to create a new method of assessing the development of long-term complications in STEMI patients by studying blood cell composition and its adaptation to practical application in general clinical practice.
Materials and methods. The study was involved 148 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who was admitted from January 2014 to June 2020 to the intensive care unit. Some patients were evaluated retrospectively and were in group 1 (n=92). Group 2 – 56 patients, who were studied prospectively. The groups of patients did not differ in clinical and anamnestic characteristics and treatment. The study provided an annual observation period. The endpoint in group 1 was: death, stroke, exacerbation of coronary heart disease – including the need for revascularization, the developement or decompensation for heart failure, which led to hospitalization (in addition, group 2 was analyzed for onset of cardiac death).
Results and discussion. There complex indicators were built, based on the analysis of the clinical profile and dynamics of laboratory parameters in patients with the onset of the endpoint – a modified leukocyte index (mLI), which contains the values of the number and percentage of granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes on days 1, 3 and 10 of STEMI and leukocyte-platelet index (mLPI), which additionally includes indicators of platelet inhomogeneity in size (PDWc and P-LCR). These indices with their limit values (mLI > 140 units and mLPI > 242 units) were more informative in predicting distant cardiovascular events than other laboratory markers (including neutrophil-leukocyte ratio, NLR). In a prospective study branch (group 2), the mLI and mLPI indicators also turned out to be more informative than other markers (in particular, the NLR indicator) in determining the propensity to occur as a combined endpoint (area under the curve 0.71 for both; p<0.0001), so and death (areas under the curve 0.78 and 0.84, respectively; p<0.0001). Based on the data obtained, a computer algorithm has been created that simplifies the risk assessment in AMI patients using the developed indicators.
Conclusions. Created leukocyte and leukocyte-platelet indices are highly informative in predicting the risk of complications in patients within a year after AMI.
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