Geriatric cardiology: general provisions
Article Sidebar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Main Article Content
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-1848
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy, thanks not least to the success of disease prevention and treatment, has led to a global restructuring of the population structure with a dramatic increase of the elderly and long-livers. Characteristics for elderly patients are the spectrum of age-associated types of pathology, disease-nonspecific symptoms and syndromes, polypharmacy, and functional in capacity which require a fundamentally different approach from the «disease-centered» approach in modern medicine. The review examines the history of geriatric cardiology and its demographic factors, the tasks of geriatric cardiology at the current stage of the development of clinical medicine, focuses on a number of specific geriatric conditions such as multimorbidity, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, and the limited representation of geriatric aspects of cardiovascular diseases in the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology. It is emphasized that the organic incorporation of principles and methods of comprehensive geriatric assessment into the traditional cardiological diagnostic and treatment process using methods of geriatric screening, geriatric diagnosis, creation of individual treatment and recovery programs will allow to improve the quality of life, functional status, to prevent traumatic events and acute conditions in of elderly patients, to reduce the burden on the medical and social security system.
Article Details
Keywords:
References
Yena LM, Khrystoforova HM. Vsebichne heriatrychne otsiniuvannia: shcho, komu, dlia choho, yak? Zdorovia Ukrainy. spets. vypusk «Kardiolohiia, Revmatolohiia, Kardio-khirurhiia». 2022;3-4:82-3. Ukrainian.
Aïdoud A, Gana, W, Poitau F, Debacq C, Leroy V, Nkodo JA, Poupin P, Angoulvant D, Fougère B. High Prevalence of Geriatric Conditions Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Ass. 2023;12:e026850. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.026850.
Arias E. Unted States life tables/2010. National vital statistics reports. 2014;63(7):1-63.
Boerlage-van Dijk K, Siegers CEP, Wouters NTAE, Faes MC, Verbunt RAM, Geertman JH, van den Heuvel M, van de Meerendonk CTU, Liem SS, Henriques JP, Ottervanger JP. Specific recommendations (or lack thereof) for older patients with cardiovascular disease in the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines: From the Dutch Working Group of Geriatric Cardiology of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology (NVVC) and Special Interest Group Geriatric Cardiology of the Netherlands Society for Clinical Geriatrics (NVKG). Neth Heart J. 2022 Dec;30(12):541-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-022-01674-y.
Bulut AE, Soysal P, Isik AT. Frequency and coincidence of geriatric syndromes according to age groups: single-center experience in Turkey between 2013 and 2017. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;4(13):1899-905. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S180281.
Cheitlin MD. Cardiovascular Physiology – Changes With Aging. Geriatr Cardiol. 2003;12(1):9-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1076-7460.2003.01751.x.
Dao T, Green AE, Kim YA, Bae SJ, Ha KT, Gariani K, Lee MR, Menzies KJ, Ryu D. Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2020;35(4):716-32. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.405.
Díez-Villanueva P, Arizá-Solé A, Vidán MT, Bonanad C, Formiga F, Sanchis J, Martín-Sánchez FJ, Ruiz Ros V, Sanmartín Fernández M, Bueno H, Martínez-Sellés M. Recommendations of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the Assessment of Frailty in Elderly Patients With Heart Disease. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019;72(1):63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2018.06.035.
Donato AJ, Machin DR, Lesniewski LA. Mechanisms of Dysfunction in the Aging Vasculature and Role in Age-Related Disease. Circ Res. 2018;123(7):825-48. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312563.
GBD Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385:117-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.
Gekle M. Kidney and aging – A narrative review. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Jan;87(Pt B):153-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.013.
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014 Jan 21;129(3):e28-e292. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80.
Goldwater D, Wenger NK. Patient-centered care in geriatric cardiology. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023;33(1):13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2021.11.001.
Goyal P, Kwak MJ, Al Malouf C, Kumar M, Rohant N, Damluji AA, Denfeld QE, Bircher KK, Krishnaswami A, Alexander KP, Forman DE, Rich MW, Wenger NK, Kirkpatrick JN, Fleg JL. Geriatric Cardiology: Coming of Age. JACC Adv. 2022 Aug;1(3):100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100070.
Iadecola C, Smith EE, Anrather J, Gu C, Mishra A, Misra S, Perez-Pinzon MA, Shih AY, Sorond FA, van Veluw SJ, Wellington CL; American Heart Association Stroke Council Council on Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council on Hypertension Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health. The Neurovasculome: Key Roles in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023 Jun;54(6):e251-e271. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000431.
ISTAT. Popolazione. Italia in cifre edizione 2016. URL: http://www. istat.it/it/archivio/popolazionee-famiglie.
Jagger C, McKee M, Christensen K, Lagiewka K, Nusselder W, Van Oyen H, Cambois E, Jeune B, Robine JM. Mind the gap – reaching the European target of a 2-year increase in healthy life years in the next decade. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23:829-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt030.
Marinus N, Vigorito C, Giallauria F, Haenen L, Jansegers T, Dendale P, Feys P, Meesen R, Timmermans A, Spildooren J, Hansen D. Frailty is highly prevalent in specific cardiovascular diseases and females, but significantly worsens prognosis in all affected patients: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;66:101233. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101233.
Modig K, Andersson T, Drefahl S, Ahlbom A. Age-specific trends in morbidity, mortality and case-fatality from cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke in advanced age: evaluation in the Swedish population. PLoS One. 2013;8:e64928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064928.
Newman AB, Arnold AM, Naydeck BL, Fried LP, Burke GL, Enright P, Gottdiener J, Hirsch C, O’Leary D, Tracy R. «Successful aging»: effect of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2315-22. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.19.2315.
Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, Rayner M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2929. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu378.
O’Hare AM, Rodriguez RA, Rule AD. Overdiagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults-An Inconvenient Truth. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181:1366. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.4823
Richter D, Guasti L, David Walker D, Lambrinou E, Lionis C, Abreu A, Savelieva I, Fumagalli S, Bo M, Rocca B, Jensen MT, Pierard L, Sudano I, Aboyans V, Asteggiano R. Frailty in cardiology: definition, assessment and clinical implications for general cardiology. A consensus document of the Council for Cardiology Practice (CCP), Association for Acute Cardio Vascular Care (ACVC), Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP), European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Council on Valvular Heart Diseases (VHD), Council on Hypertension (CHT), Council of Cardio-Oncology (CCO), Working Group (WG) Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, WG e-Cardiology, WG Thrombosis, of the European Society of Cardiology, European Primary Care Cardiology Society (EPCCS). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(1):216-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa167.
Task Force on Geriatric Cardiology. URL:https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-for-Cardiology-Practice-CCP)/task force-on-geriatric-cardiology.
Vaartjes I, O’Flaherty M, Grobbee DE, Bots ML, Capewell S. Coronary heart disease mortality trends in the Netherlands 1972–2007. Heart. 2011;97:569-73. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2010.206565.
Vaes B, Depoortere D, Van Pottelbergh G, Matheï C, Neto J, Degryse J. Association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in the oldest old: untangling the role of frailty. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17:234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s128770170626x
Veronese N, Cereda E, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Luchini C, Manzato E, Sergi G, Manu P, Harris T, Fontana L, Strandberg T, Amieva H, Dumurgier J, Elbaz A, Tzourio C, Eicholzer M, Rohrmann S, Moretti C, D’Ascenzo F, Quadri G, Polidoro A, Lourenço RA, Moreira VG, Sanchis J, Scotti V, Maggi S, Correll CU. Risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in frail and pre-frail older adults: results from a meta-analysis and exploratory meta-regression analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;35:63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.003.
Wehrmacher WH. Essence of progress in geriatric cardiology. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2012;9 (1):3-4. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1263.2012.00003.
Wehrmacher WH, Ahmed A. A brief history of scientific geriatric cardiology. Compr Ther. 2008;34(2):100-4.
WHO. World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring Health for The SDGS (Sustainable Development Goals) URL: http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/en/