The clinical characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension, symptoms of heart failure and preserved ejection fraction depending on E/e´ at rest and under physical exertion
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Abstract
The aim – to study clinical characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension, symptoms of heart failure and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) depending on the value of E/e´ at rest and after submaximal exercise testing (SET).
Material and methods. A prospective study involved 103 patients, average age 65.4±10.8 years, with clinical signs of heart failure, LV EF ≥ 50 % and signs of LV diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiography with tissue Doppler, SET, applanational tonometry were conducted. The level of NT-proBNP was studied. According to E/e´, patients were divided into 3 groups: E/e´ > 13 at rest (group І), E/e´ > 13 after SET (group ІІ), E/e´ < 13 after the SET (group ІІІ).
Results. Group І included 64 (62.1 %), group ІІ – 24 (23.3 %), group ІІІ – 15 (14.5 %) patients. Patients were comparable regarding age, gender, frequency of earlier myocardial infarction and the average level of systolic blood pressure. Patients of group І, compared to those in groups ІІ and ІІІ, more often had atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and anemia (all Р<0.01). Frequencies of diabetes mellitus and obesity in group ІІ were larger than in group ІІІ: 12 (50 %) and 4 (26.6 %); Р<0.05) and 15 (62.5 %) and 3 (20 %); Р<0.01), respectively. Severity of heart failure by NYHA was greatest in group І, less – in group ІІ and the smallest – in group ІІІ (all Р<0.01). Group ІІ, compared to group ІІІ, had worse exercise tolerance based on submaximal exercise test duration (7.2±1.7 and 8.6±1.9 minutes, Р<0.01) and power (50.0±19.9 and 68.3±22.0 W, Р<0.02), higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) 38.7±1.2 and 35.3±1.2 ml/m2 Р<0.05, left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) 138.7±13.7 and 128.0±35.1 mg/m2 Р<0.05 and levels of NT-proBNP 422.8±93.8 and 134.3±53.5 pg/ml.
Conclusions. Patients with E/e´ > 13 at rest differ from those with E/e´ increase after SET, by decrease of exercise tolerance and higher frequency of comorbidities. In patients with arterial hypertension, heart failure II–III classes NYHA and unchanged E/e´ at rest, its increase more than 13 after SET was noted in 61.5 % patients, and was associated less exercise load, greater frequency of obesity and type 2 diabetes, greater LVMI and LAVI and higher levels of NT-proBNP.
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