Predictors of early complications after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with stable coronary heart disease
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Abstract
The aim – to determine factors that may influence on the occurrence of early postoperative complications (EPC) of surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with stable coronary heart disease and to study the effect of perioperative drug therapy. Material and methods. In a single-center study, data from a prospective study of 155 patients with stable coronary heart disease consecutively selected for isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were analyzed. In total, 84 EPC were registered in 66 patients during the hospital period; 89 patients had no complications. Groups of patients with and without complications were compared according to demographic parameters, risk factors, concomitant
diseases, perioperative therapy, features of the CABG operation.
Results. Most of the early complications (56 %) were the cases of postoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter. In unifactor analysis, the features of patients with complications in the early postoperative period were the presence of severe
diabetes (Р=0.025), obesity of I and II degrees (Р=0.070), left ventricle hypertrophy (median (quartiles) 47.9 (41.8–63.1) g/m2.7 vs 43.6 (36.5–55.2) g/m2.7; Р=0.008), the left atrium increase size (median (quartiles) 4.3 (4.2–4.6) cm vs 4.2 (4.0–4.5) cm; Р=0.068); elevated preoperative level of IL-6 (median (quartiles) 4.1 (3.1–9.0) pg/ml vs 3.2 (2.0–5.1) pg/ml; Р=0.044); the absence of statin therapy in perioperative period (Р<0.001) and a long duration of aortic clamping (median (quartiles) 20 (15–25) min vs 17 (13–23) min; Р=0.049). According to the multivariate analysis, the risk of EPC after CABG was 6.25 times higher among patients who did not take statins in the perioperative period, compared to patients who received high-intensity statins for ≥ 7 days. In patients with severe diabetes, the risk of EPC was 1.96 times higher than in patients with mild diabetes.
Conclusions. The presence of severe diabetes and the absence of statin therapy in the perioperative period proved to be independent predictors of the occurrence of EPC. High-intensity statins therapy for ≥ 7 days prior to surgery allowed to reduce the risk of EPC, in particular, post-operative atrial fibrillation/flutter.
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