Сахарный диабет и атеросклероз: эпигенетические механизмы патогенеза. Обзор литературы
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Анотація
В обзоре литературы обобщен и проанализирован материал, посвященный эпигенетическим изменениям, сопровождающим сердечно-сосудистые осложнения при сахарном диабете. Представлены данные об участии эпигенетических модификаций в патологических изменениях клеток эндотелия, гладкомышечной мускулатуры и макрофагов, ведущих к атеросклерозу. Описана роль различных микроРНК в дифференцировке, активации, воспалении, пролиферации и миграции клеток сосудов. Показано, что модификации гистонов, метилирование ДНК и изменение спектра микроРНК участвуют в инициации и развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при сахарном диабете, а их изучение и применение полученных знаний имеет большой диагностический, прогностический, а в перспективе и терапевтический потенциал.
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